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This book represents a critical appraisal of the major clinical trials that have had a significant impact on clinical research and practice during the last decade. Each trial follows a strict format, starting with reference to the original source of publication, details on the key investigators and their methods of research. The strengths and weaknesses of each trial are discussed as well as their influence on clinical practice. Articles are complemented by a diagrammatic summary of the trial design and the key findings. It is estimated that over 20 million men in Europe alone suffer at some time in their life from erectile dysfunction (ED). This is the first book to bring together in a single volume a critical review of all the major trials in ED. It will be an essential reference for both clinicians and research workers in urology, sexual dysfunction and related disorders.

History of human medicine --- Urology. Andrology --- geneeskunde --- geschiedenis --- urologie

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Depuis la publication de Josef Plenck (1776) reconnue comme fondatrice de la dermatologie, la compréhension des maladies de la peau et l'évolution de la discipline ont évolué au rythme de mutations conceptuelles et de controverses. Philosophie et botanique, disciplines de réflexion et de classification, eurent un rôle déterminant, fondateur du diagnostic clinique. Quelques décennies plus tard, le microscope, d'abord fortement controversé, trouva en dermatologie un champ d'application privilégié en renforçant l'idée de spécificité de la cause. À la même époque, l'invention de la photographie simplifia le recueil des images de la peau, facilita les échanges et obligea à davantage de rigueur descriptive. Le contexte politique fut à l'origine d'autres mutations essentielles comme, en France, la spécialisation hospitalière et plus tard la spécialisation universitaire en dermatologie. L'orientation résolue des dermatologues américains en faveur de la recherche à la fin des années 1930 s'inscrivit aussi dans une volonté politique d'affirmer l'influence grandissante de cette école nouvelle. La syphilis tint une place de choix dans les évolutions de pensée qui façonnèrent la dermatologie. La mise au point du diagnostic biologique initiateur de la sérologie médicale, les premiers traitements spécifiques qui ouvrirent la voie des chimiothérapies, le succès éclatant de l'antibiothérapie en sont quelques exemples. Ces mutations empruntées à l'environnement intellectuel, social et politique ont amené la dermatologie dans des directions nouvelles, imprévues. Certaines survinrent sur des esprits non entièrement prêts à les accepter, d'autres naquirent de concepts erronés. Toutes furent à l'origine d'avancées et de controverses passionnées qui sont le sujet de cet ouvrage.

History of human medicine --- Pathological dermatology --- geneeskunde --- geschiedenis --- dermatologie

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Suspension dosage form is a preferred and widely accepted dosage forms for insoluble or poorly soluble drugs for various therapeutic applications. The suspension dosage form has long been used for insoluble and poorly soluble drugs for making oral, topical and parenteral products. Pharmaceutical Suspensions, From Formulation Development to Manufacturing provides the reader with a broad overview of suspension drug product technology. Individual chapters in this book focus on suspension formulation principles, excipients, analysis, pharmaceutical development, preclinical, clinical and regulatory aspects, as well as the emerging technology of nanosuspensions as nanomedicine. Various chapters in the book are written by authors from academia, regulatory agencies and industries who are experts in their respective fields. The book includes over 600 bibliographic citations, numerous tables and illustrations. Pharmaceutical Suspensions is the only volume to date that systematically follows the suspension dosage development approach used widely in the pharmaceutical industries starting with pre-formulation/formulation development, pre-clinical evaluation and critical characterization method development, continuing to clinical trial essentials and ending with technology transfer essentials and regulatory filing guidance. Pharmaceutical Suspensions, From Formulation Development to Manufacturing provides a useful resource for pharmaceutical scientists, process scientists/engineers involved in the areas of research and development of pharmaceutical suspension dosage forms as well as for advanced pharmacy undergraduate and graduate students who want in-depth knowledge of suspension dosage form. "Solid useful text on suspension formulation development"

History of human medicine --- Pharmacology. Therapy --- farmacologie --- toxicologie

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This book aims to bring to the forefront a field that has been developing since the late 1990s called the STAR pathway for Signal Transduction and Activation of RNA. It is a signaling pathway that targets RNA directly; in contrast to the canonical signal kinase cascade transcription factor DNA RNA. It is proposed to allow quick responses to environment changes such as those necessary in many biological phenomenona such as the nervous system, and during development. The pathway is diagramed in Chapter 1, Figure1. This chapter is a historical introduction and general review with some new data on theoretical miRNAs binding sites and STAR mRNAs. In Chapter 2, Feng and Banks address the accumulating evidence that the RNA-binding activity and the homeostasis of downstream mRNA targets of STAR proteins can be regulated by phosphorylation in response to various extracellular signals. Then Ryder and Massi review the available information on the structure of the RNA binding STAR domain and provides insights into how these proteins discriminate between different RNA targets. Next Claudio Sette offers an overview of the post-translational modifications of STAR proteins and their effects on biological functions, followed by two chapters dedicated to in depth review of STAR function in spermatogenesis and in mammalian embryonic development. Chapters 7 and 8 discuss what can be learned from STAR proteins in non-mammalian species; in Drosophila and Gld-1 and Asd-2 in C. elegans. Next Rymond discusses the actual mech- ics of splicing with mammalian SF1.

History of human medicine --- Pharmacology. Therapy --- Neuropathology --- neurologie --- farmacologie --- toxicologie

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Regenerative medicine is rich with promethean promises. The use of human embryonic stem cells in research is justified by its advocates in terms of promises to cure a wide range of diseases and disabilities, from Alzheimer's and Parkinsonism to the results of heart attacks and spinal cord injuries. More broadly, there is the promethean allure of being able to redesign human biological nature in terms of the goals and concerns of humans. Needless to say, these allures and promises have provoked a wide range of not just moral but metaphysical reflections that reveal and reflect deep fault-lines in our cultures. The essays in this volume, directly and indirectly, present the points of controversy as they tease out the character of the moral issues that confront any attempt to develop the human regenerative technologies that might move us from a human to a post-human nature. Although one can appreciate the disputes as independently philosophical, they are surely also a function of the conflict between a Christian and a post-Christian culture, in that Christianity has from its beginning recognized a fundamental prohibition against the taking of early human life. Even the philosophical disputes that frame secular bioethics are often motivated and shaped by these background cultural conflicts. These essays display this circumstance in rich ways.

Philosophy --- General ethics --- History of human medicine --- ethiek --- filosofie --- geneeskunde